Enchanted Learning Software's
CLADOSCOPE
The Cladogram of Life

Life
  1. Viruses
  2. Cellular organisms
    1. Eubacteria
      1. Aquifecales
      2. Thermotogales
      3. Thermodesulfobacterium
      4. Thermus-Deinococcus group
      5. Chloroflecales
      6. Cyanobacteria
      7. Firmicutes
      8. Leptospirillum group
      9. Synergistes
      10. Chlorobium-Flavobacteria group
      11. Chlamydia-Planktomyces group
      12. Flexistipes
      13. Fibrobacter group
      14. Spirochetes
      15. Proteobacteria
        1. alpha Proteobacteria
        2. beta Proteobacteria
        3. delta and epsilon Proteobacteria
        4. gamma Proteobacteria
    2. Archaea and Eukaryotes
      1. Archaea
        1. Euryarchaeota
            1. Halobacteriales
            2. Methanomicrobiales
          1. Methanobacteriales
          2. Methanococcales
          3. Methanopyrales
          4. Archeoglobales
          5. Thermoplasmales
          6. Thermococcales
        2. Crenarchaeota
            1. Thermofilum
              1. Pyrobaculum
              2. Thermoproteus
              1. Sulfolobus
                1. Metallosphaera
                2. Acidianus
                  1. Thermodiscus
                  2. Igneococcus
                    1. Thermosphaera
                    2. Desulfurococcus
                  1. Staphylothermus
                1. Pyrolobus
                  1. Hyperthermus
                  2. Pyrodictium
        3. Korarchaeota
      2. Eukaryotes (cells with a nucleus)
        1. Microsporidia
        2. Diplomonads
        3. Oxymonads
        4. Retortamonads
        5. Parabasalids
        6. Mitochondrial eukaryotes
                      1. Pelobionts?
                      2. Crown eukaryotes
                        1. Green Plants
                          1. Fungi
                          2. Metazoa (animals)
                            1. Porifera (sponges)
                              1. Cnidaria (jellyfish, anemones, corals, etc.)
                              2. Protostomes and deuterostomes
                                1. Protostomes
                                  1. Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
                                    1. Mollusca (snails, clams, squids, etc.)
                                      1. Arthropoda (trilobites, insects, spiders, crabs, etc.)
                                      2. Annelida (segmented worms)
                                2. Deuterostomes
                                  1. Echinodermata (starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, etc.)
                                  2. Chordata
                                    1. Craniata (animals with skulls)
                                      1. Hyperotreti (hagfishes)
                                      2. Vertebrata (animals with backbones)
                                        1. Hyperoartia (lampreys)
                                        2. Gnathostomata (jawed vertebrates)
                                          1. Condrichthyes (sharks, rays, etc.; skeleton of cartilage)
                                          2. Osteichthyes (bony fish and land vertebrates)
                                            1. Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes)
                                            2. Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes and land vertebrates)
                                              1. Coelacanthimorpha (coelacanths)
                                                1. Dipnoi (lungfish)
                                                2. Terrestrial vertebrates
                                                  1. Seymouriamorpha
                                                  2. Tetrapoda (the smallest clade containing frogs and people)
                                                    1. Amphibia (amphibians)
                                                      1. Lissamphibia (living amphibians, etc.)
                                                        1. Salientia (frogs and toads)
                                                        2. Caudata (newts and salamanders)
                                                        3. Gymphiona (caecilians)
                                                    2. Amniota
                                                      1. Synapsida
                                                        1. Therapsida
                                                          1. Mammalia (milk-producing mothers)
                                                            1. Triconodonts
                                                              1. Monotremata (platypus, echidna, etc.)
                                                              2. Multituberculata
                                                              3. Therians
                                                                1. Marsupialia
                                                                  1. Palaeoryctoids
                                                                  2. Eutheria (placental mammals)
                                                      2. Reptilia
                                                        1. Anapsida
                                                          1. Chelonia or Testudines (turtles)
                                                        2. Diapsida
                                                          1. Lepidosauromorpha
                                                            1. Squamata (lizards and snakes)
                                                              1. Iguania
                                                              2. Scleroglossa
                                                            2. Sphenodon
                                                          2. Archosauromorpha
                                                            1. Ichthyosauria
                                                            2. Archosauria
                                                              1. Crurotarsi (crocodilians)
                                                              2. Ornithodira
                                                                1. Lagosuchus
                                                                2. Pterosauria
                                                                3. Dinosauria
                                                                  1. Ornithischia
                                                                    1. Lesothosaurus
                                                                    2. Genasauria
                                                                      1. Cerapoda
                                                                        1. Marginocephalia (dinosaurs with skull adornments)
                                                                          1. Ceratopsia (sharp beak due to rostral bone at tip of snout; frill at back of skull)
                                                                            1. Psittacosauridae
                                                                              1. Psittacosaurus
                                                                            2. Neoceratopsia
                                                                              1. Leptoceratops
                                                                              2. (larger frill; nasal horn)
                                                                                1. Protoceratops
                                                                                2. (prominent nasal horn)
                                                                                  1. Monoceratops
                                                                                  2. Ceratopsidae
                                                                                    1. Centrosaurinae
                                                                                      1. Avaceratops and Brachyceratops
                                                                                      2. (hooks on back of frill)
                                                                                        1. Centrosaurus
                                                                                        2. (spikes at frill margin)
                                                                                          1. Styracosaurus
                                                                                          2. Pachyrhinosaurus
                                                                                    2. Chasmosaurinae
                                                                                        1. Chasmosaurus
                                                                                        2. Pentaceratops
                                                                                          1. Anchiceratops
                                                                                          2. Arrhinoceratops
                                                                                          1. Torosaurus
                                                                                            1. Diceratops
                                                                                            2. Triceratops
                                                                          2. Pachycephalosauria (thick skull roof, flat-headed or domed)
                                                                            1. Wannanosaurus
                                                                            2. Goyocephalia
                                                                              1. Goyocephale
                                                                                1. Homalocephale
                                                                                2. Pachycephalosauridae (dome-headed)
                                                                                  1. Yaverlandia
                                                                                    1. Majungatholus
                                                                                      1. Ornatotholus
                                                                                        1. Stegoceras
                                                                                          1. Tylocephale
                                                                                            1. Prenocephale
                                                                                            2. Pachycephalosaurus
                                                                        2. Ornithopoda
                                                                          1. Heterodontosauridae (tusk-like tooth in upper and lower jaw)
                                                                            1. Heterodontosaurus
                                                                            2. Lanasaurus
                                                                            3. Lycorhinus
                                                                            4. Abrictosaurus
                                                                          2. Euornithopoda
                                                                            1. Hypsilophodontidae
                                                                              1. Thescelosaurus
                                                                                  1. Yandusaurus
                                                                                  2. Othnielia
                                                                                    1. Orodromeus
                                                                                    2. Zephyrosaurus
                                                                                    1. Hypsilophodon
                                                                                    2. Parksosaurus
                                                                            2. Iguanodontia
                                                                              1. Tenontosaurus
                                                                                1. Dryosaurus
                                                                                  1. Camptosaurus
                                                                                    1. Iguanodon
                                                                                    2. Ouranosaurus (lumps on forehead)
                                                                                    3. Hadrosauridae (head crests)
                                                                                      1. Telmatosaurus
                                                                                      2. Euhadrosauria
                                                                                        1. Hadrosaurinae
                                                                                              1. Gryoposaurus
                                                                                              2. Aralosaurus
                                                                                              1. Brachylophosaurus
                                                                                              2. Maiasaura
                                                                                                1. Saurolophus
                                                                                                2. Prosaurolophus
                                                                                              1. Lophorhothon
                                                                                              1. Anatotitan
                                                                                              2. Shantungosaurus
                                                                                              3. Edmontosaurus
                                                                                        2. Lambeosaurinae
                                                                                          1. Parasaurolophus
                                                                                            1. Lambeosaurus
                                                                                              1. Corythosaurus
                                                                                              2. Hypacrosaurus
                                                                      2. Thyreophora (dinosaurs with dermal armor)
                                                                        1. Scutellosaurus
                                                                          1. Emausaurus
                                                                            1. Scelidosaurus
                                                                            2. Eurypoda
                                                                              1. Stegosauria (spines or plates along the back; long pairs of spines at the end of the tail)
                                                                                1. Huayangosaurus
                                                                                2. Stegosauridae
                                                                                  1. Dacentrurus
                                                                                    1. Kentrosaurus
                                                                                    2. (plates along the back)
                                                                                      1. Chungkingosaurus
                                                                                      2. Chialingosaurus
                                                                                        1. Tuojiangosaurus
                                                                                        2. Paranthodon
                                                                                        3. Lexovisaurus
                                                                                        4. Stegosaurus
                                                                              2. Ankylosauria (fused armor)
                                                                                1. Nodosauridae
                                                                                  1. Hylaeosaurus
                                                                                    1. Acanthopholis
                                                                                    2. Struthiosaurus
                                                                                      1. Sauropelta
                                                                                        1. Silvisaurus
                                                                                          1. Panoplosaurus
                                                                                          2. Edmontonia
                                                                                2. Ankylosauridae (bony tail club; large horns at back of skull)
                                                                                  1. Shamosaurus
                                                                                  2. (horns larger; eyes further back)
                                                                                    1. (large plates covering skull roof; horns narrow; short beak)
                                                                                      1. Tarchia
                                                                                      2. Saichania
                                                                                      3. Pinacosaurus
                                                                                    2. (small plates covering skull roof; horns broad-based)
                                                                                      1. Talarurus
                                                                                      2. Euoplocephalus
                                                                                      3. Ankylosaurus
                                                                  2. Saurischia
                                                                    1. Sauropodomorpha
                                                                      1. Prosauropoda(?)
                                                                        1. Thecodontosaurus
                                                                          1. Anchisaurus
                                                                            1. Massospondylus
                                                                            2. Yunnanosaurus
                                                                                  1. Plateosaurus
                                                                                  2. Lufengosaurus
                                                                                1. Coloradisaurus
                                                                              1. Sellosaurus
                                                                                1. Blikanasaurus
                                                                                  1. Melanorosaurus
                                                                                    1. Riojasaurus
                                                                                    2. Camelotia
                                                                      2. Sauropoda
                                                                        1. Vulcanodon
                                                                          1. Barapasaurus
                                                                            1. Shunosaurus
                                                                              1. Patagosaurus
                                                                                1. Datousaurus
                                                                                  1. Omeisaurus
                                                                                    1. Haplocanthosaurus
                                                                                    2. Camarasaurs and Titanosaurs
                                                                                      1. Camarasaurs
                                                                                        1. Brachiosauridae
                                                                                          1. Brachiosaurus
                                                                                          2. Ultrasauros
                                                                                        2. Camarasauridae
                                                                                          1. Euhelopus
                                                                                            1. Opisthocoelicaudia
                                                                                            2. Camarasaurus
                                                                                      2. Titanosaurs
                                                                                        1. Diplodocidae
                                                                                          1. Diplodocus
                                                                                          2. Apatosaurus
                                                                                          3. Barosaurus
                                                                                          4. Dicraeosaurus
                                                                                          5. Nemegtosaurus
                                                                                          6. Quaesitosaurus
                                                                                          7. Mamenchisaurus
                                                                                        2. Titanosauridae
                                                                                          1. Titanosaurus
                                                                                          2. Saltasaurus
                                                                                          3. Alamosaurus
                                                                    2. Segnosauria?
                                                                      1. Segnosaurus
                                                                      2. Erlikosaurus
                                                                      3. Enigmosaurus
                                                                      4. Nanshiungosaurus
                                                                    3. Theropoda
                                                                      1. Eoraptor
                                                                        1. Herrerasaurus
                                                                          1. Ceratosauria
                                                                            1. Coelophysoidea
                                                                              1. Dilophosaurus
                                                                                1. Coelophysis
                                                                                2. Syntarsus
                                                                            2. Neoceratosauria
                                                                              1. Ceratosaurus
                                                                                1. Elaphrosaurus
                                                                                2. Abelisauridae
                                                                          2. Tetanurae (back half of tail stiffened)
                                                                            1. Torvosaurus
                                                                            2. Avetheropoda (wrist and hand modified for grabbing)
                                                                              1. Megalosaurus
                                                                                1. Allosauridae
                                                                                  1. Allosaurus
                                                                                  2. Acrocanthosaurus
                                                                                2. Coelurosauria
                                                                                  1. Compsognathus
                                                                                  2. Maniraptora
                                                                                    1. Ornitholestes
                                                                                        1. Oviraptoridae
                                                                                          1. Oviraptor
                                                                                          2. Conchoraptor
                                                                                          3. Ingenia
                                                                                        2. Arctometatarsalia
                                                                                          1. Elmisauridae
                                                                                            1. Avimimus
                                                                                              1. Tyrannosauridae
                                                                                                1. Aublysodon
                                                                                                2. Albertosaurus
                                                                                                3. Tyrannosaurus
                                                                                                4. Alectrosaurus
                                                                                                5. Daspletosaurus
                                                                                                6. Alioramus
                                                                                                7. Nanotyrannus
                                                                                                8. Tarbosaurus
                                                                                              2. Bullatosauria
                                                                                                1. Troodontidae (sickle-clawed)
                                                                                                  1. Troodon
                                                                                                  2. Saurornithoides
                                                                                                  3. Borogovia
                                                                                                  4. Tochisaurus
                                                                                                2. Ornithomimosauria (light skull, no upper teeth, few if any lower teeth, flat claws on feet)
                                                                                                  1. Harpymimus
                                                                                                  2. Garudimimus
                                                                                                  3. Ornithomimus
                                                                                                  4. Struthiomimus
                                                                                                  5. Dromiceiomimus
                                                                                                  6. Archaeornithomimus
                                                                                                  7. Gallimimus
                                                                                                  8. Anserimimus
                                                                                      1. Dromaeosauria (pubis rotated downward or down-and-backward)
                                                                                        1. Dromaeosauridae (small size; large sickle-shaped claw on foot)
                                                                                          1. Adasaurus
                                                                                          2. Deinonychus
                                                                                          3. Dromaeosaurus
                                                                                          4. Hulsanpes
                                                                                          5. Saurornitholestes
                                                                                          6. Velociraptor
                                                                                        2. Aves (birds -- dinosaurs with feathers)
                                                                                          1. Archaeopteryx
                                                                                          2. (pygostyle instead of tail; fully-folding wing)
                                                                                            1. Sinornis
                                                                                              1. Hesperornithiformes and Ichthyornithiformes
                                                                                              2. Modern birds (no teeth)
                    1. Dictyosteliida
                  1. Entamoeba?
                1. Granuloreticulosa?
              1. Myxomycetes
              2. Ellobiopsids
              3. Spironemids
              4. Komokiacea
              5. Xenophyophores
              6. Coelosporidium
              7. Gloeochaete
              8. Hedraiophrys
              9. Jakobids
              10. Nephridiophaga
              11. Polycystinids
            1. Ministeria
            2. Nucleariids
            3. Stephanopogon
            4. Euglenozoa
              1. Diplonema
                1. Euglenids
                2. Kinetoplastida
            1. Schizopyrenids
            2. Acrasids



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